Tom qab ntau cov txheej txheem kev lag luam ntau lawm, loj ntim ntawmdej khib nyiab nplua nuj nyob hauv cov organicteeb meem raug tsim txhua hnub. Cov dej khib nyiab no yog qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov concentration siab thiab nyuaj rau kev kho. Txhawm rau daws qhov "cov dej khib nyiab nyuaj," lub tshuab hu ua "qhov kawg riam phom" tau siv dav:kev kho mob anaerobic. Yog li, nws ua haujlwm raws nraim li cas? Thiab vim li cas nws thiaj tsim nyog tau lub npe zoo li no?
► Kev Kho Mob Anaerobic yog dab tsi?
Cias muab,Kev kho anaerobic yog txheej txheem uas siv cov zej zog tshwj xeeb los ua kom puas thiab zom cov organic hauv dej hauv ib puag ncig tsis muaj oxygen -dawb.Tsis zoo li cov kev kho mob aerobic paub ntau dua, uas yuav tsum tau muaj cov pa oxygen kom sparged hauv, nws zoo li qhov ntsiag to tsis tau muaj txiaj ntsig "microbial tsiab peb caug" ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kaw.
► Yog vim li cas nws yog "Qhov Kawg Riam Phom"?
Ua ntej, nws tuaj yeem "qhuav" siab heev -cov dej khib nyiab.Piv nrog rau kev kho mob aerobic, lub cev anaerobic tuaj yeem zam tau thiab ua haujlwm ntau dua ntawm cov pa phem ntawm cov pa phem hauv ib chav tsev, ua rau nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev tuav siab -concentration organic wastewater los ntawm kev lag luam xws likhoom noj khoom haus, brewing, thiab biopharmaceuticals.Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv tib lub hneev taw, nws lub peev xwm kho tau ntau dua.
Qhov thib ob, nws tuaj yeem hloov cov pa phem rau hauv lub zog.Qhov no yog nws qhov ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws. Thaum cov txheej txheem kho, raws li cov kab mob decompose organic teeb meem, lawv tsim biogas, uas feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm methane.Cov biogas no tuaj yeem sau thiab siv los tsim hluav taws xob lossis thermal zog, ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb ntawm "siv lub zog los kho cov dej khib nyiab" mus rau "rov qab lub zog los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab."
Thib peb, nws cov nqi khiav haujlwm qis dua.Vimnws tsis tas yuav tsum tau tshuab cua nruam rau aeration, nws cov hluav taws xob siv tau qis dua li cov txheej txheem aerobic activated sludge.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev loj hlob ntawm microbial qeeb qeeb thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem, ua rau muaj qhov me me ntawm cov sludge ntau lawm, uas ntxiv txo lub nra thiab nqi ntawm sludge kho thiab pov tseg.
► Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb: Kev Sib Koom Tes Ua Ntej Ua Ntej
Kev kho mob anaerobic tsis yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv tab sis peb - theem txheej txheem relayed los ntawm ntau hom kab mob.
Thawj kauj ruam yog hydrolysis thiab acidogenesis.Complex loj -molecule organic tebchaw, xws li hmoov txhuv nplej siab, protein, thiab rog, yog thawj zaug tawg mus rau hauv me me molecules xws li monosaccharides thiab amino acids los ntawm cov kab mob hydrolytic. Cov molecules me me no ces fermented los ntawm cov kab mob acidogenic thiab hloov mus rau hauv volatile fatty acids (VFAs), cawv, hydrogen, thiab carbon dioxide.
Qhov thib ob theem yog methanogenesis, uas yog tus yuam sij rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem.Methanogens, cov kws tshaj lij rau theem no, coj mus rau theem. Lawv feem ntau siv cov acetic acid (ib hom volatile fatty acid) ua nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam dhau los, los yog ncaj qha siv hydrogen thiab carbon dioxide, thaum kawg synthesizing lawv mus rau hauv methane. Lub sijhawm no, cov pa phem hauv cov dej khib nyiab tau raug tshem tawm thiab hloov mus ua cov khoom siv biogas.
► Lub Ntsiab "Cov Khoom Siv" kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem no
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias qhov "oxygen- noj hmo dawb" ua tau zoo thiab ruaj khov, cov "reactors" sophisticated yog xav tau. Ntawm lawv,The Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)reactor yog siv dav siv tshuab classic. Nws cov tub ntxhais yog nyob rau hauv siab -concentration "granular sludge txaj" tsim nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub reactor. Cov dej khib nyiab ntws los ntawm lub txaj no, tso cai rau kev sib cuag ntawm cov sludge granules thiab cov pa phem, thaum cov biogas generated pab sib tov. Lub Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) reactor tuaj yeem pom raws li kev txhim kho ntawm UASB. Los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab, nws ua tiav cov dej ntws siab dua, ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw ntau dua thiab kev sib cuag ntawm cov sludge thiab cov dej khib nyiab, yog li ua kom nws tswj cov dej khib nyiab ntau dua lossis nyuaj dua.
► Nkag siab txog nws cov kev txwv: Tsis muaj Technology zoo meej
Txawm hais tias nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo, kev kho anaerobic tsis yog "panacea." Nkag siab txog nws qhov tsis txaus yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv nws kom zoo.
★ Startup yuav tsum tau ua siab ntev:Cov methanogens tseem ceeb hauv lub cev loj hlob qeeb, yog li kev pib thiab microbial acclimatization ntawm lub cev tshiab feem ntau yuav tsum tau siv sijhawm ntau.
★ rhiab heev rau ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob:Methanogens yog qhov muag heev. Cov tshuaj lom hauv cov dej khib nyiab, xws li sulfides, qee cov hlau hnyav ions, thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lawv cov haujlwm lossis ua rau lub cev tsis ua haujlwm.
★ Kev ntsuas kub nruj:Feem ntau cov tshuab xav tau ib qho chaw sov so (feem ntau nyob rau hauv mesophilic ntau yam) rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov. Qhov kub tsis tshua muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam rau kev kho mob thiab kev tsim khoom biogas.
★ Feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav cov qauv tso tawm ntawm nws tus kheej:Kev kho anaerobic feem ntau tshem tawm cov organic teeb meem thiab muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov as-ham xws li nitrogen thiab phosphorus. Yog li ntawd, nws feem ntau ua haujlwm ua "vanguard" ntawm kev kho tsheb ciav hlau thiab yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem tom ntej, xws li kev kho aerobic, kom ntseeg tau tias cov dej ntws zaum kawg ua tau raws li cov qauv tso tawm.
Hauv kev xaus, nrog nws cov kev ua haujlwm siab hauv kev kho siab -cov dej khib nyiab siab, nws lub zog- ua tus yam ntxwv, thiab nws cov nqi qis, kev kho anaerobic tiag tiag ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm "tub rog riam phom" hauv kev kho cov dej khib nyiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov dej khib nyiab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws kuj yog ib qho kev siv tshuab uas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tsim thiab tswj. Los ntawm kev siv nws lub zog thaum txo nws qhov tsis muaj zog thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov tsim nyog ntawm txoj kev kho mob, nws lub zog "qhov kawg" tuaj yeem ua tiav.