Hauv kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub ntawm cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub tshuab ua kom cov sludge ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm cov dej ntws. Thaum muaj teeb meem xws li sludge bulking thiab kev daws teeb meem tsis zoo tshwm sim, cov kws paub txog engineers feem ntau xa mus rau ob qho tseem ceeb "players"-SMP thiab EPS.Lawv raug suav hais tias yog "cov kua nplaum" hauv cov sludge, ua haujlwm ob qho tib si tsim nyog rau kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj teeb meem. Yog li, dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm ob qho no, thiab peb yuav tsum tswj lawv li cas?
► I. Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb: Ob Hom "Cov Khoom Siv Microbial"
Txhawm rau tswj cov sludge kom zoo, ib tus yuav tsum xub nkag siab qhov tseeb ntawm SMP thiab EPS. Txawm hais tias ob qho tib si yog metabolic byproducts ntawm microorganisms, lawv lub xeev thiab kev ua haujlwm txawv txawv.
► SMP: Cov "dawb Molecules" Dissolved hauv dej
SMP stands rau Soluble Microbial Products. Raws li lub npe qhia, nws yog tag nrho yaj los yog uniformly dispersed nyob rau hauv lub aqueous theem ntawm cov txheej txheem dej khib nyiab, uas twb muaj lawm raws li tsis tshua muaj neeg hais ib feeb. Nws cov khoom tseem ceeb suav nrog cov khoom siv organic xws li polysaccharides thiab cov proteins. SMP feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob metabolic ib txwm tso tawm ntawm cov kab mob thiab tso tawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm tes tom qab cell lysis vim kev laus. Vim lawv cov feeb me me, lawv tsis tuaj yeem yooj yim los ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej turbidity thiab yellowish xim.
► EPS: Cov "Skeletal Glue" Encasing Microbial Flocs
EPS sawv cev rau Extracellular Polymeric Tshuaj. Nws qhov sib txawv loj tshaj plaws los ntawm SMP nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv: EPS tsis nyob rau hauv lub xeev yaj tab sis muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug khoom gel, nruj nreem kaw cov microbial hlwb los tsim ib tug viscous matrix txheej. Koj tuaj yeem xav tias nws yog cement siv hauv kev tsim kho; nws khi countless ib tug neeg kab mob ua ke, tsim cov pom, settleable sludge flocs. Nws yog cov khoom tseem ceeb uas tswj cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg ntawm sludge thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob.
► II. Los ntawm Pab Pawg mus rau Hindrance: Yuav Ua Li Cas Tsis Txaus Siab Uas Sludge Bulking
Tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm EPS yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig, vim nws ua rau cov sludge ruaj khov thiab yooj yim rau kev daws teeb meem; Ib qho me me ntawm SMP kuj yog ib feem ntawm cov metabolism. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum qhov sib piv ntawm ob qhov tsis sib xws thiab lawv tau tsim ntau dhau, lawv hloov los ntawm "cov neeg tsim khoom" mus rau "tus neeg tua neeg."
Thaum SMP dhau los, cov dej hauv lub cev tau ntim nrog ntau cov kuab tshuaj, cov kuab tshuaj organic. Lawv nce viscosity ntawm cov cawv sib xyaw, cuam tshuam nrog kev sib tsoo thiab sib sau ua ke ntawm sludge hais. Ntau ncaj qha, ntau qhov ntau ntawm tsis yog -SMP daws teeb meem yog nqa tawm nrog cov dej ntws tawm, ua rau muaj cov khib nyiab ntau dhau ntawm cov dej ntws tawm los ntawm lub tank thib ob thiab ua rau dej turbidity. Qhov no zoo li ntxiv cov kua nplaum ntau rau hauv av nkos, ua rau cov dej nws tus kheej khov thiab tsis meej.
Thaum EPS nce qhov txawv txav, qhov xwm txheej txawv. Qhov ntau "kua nplaum" "puffs" cov sludge flocs, ua rau lawv txawv txav thiab o. Lub floc ceev txo, cov dej cov ntsiab lus yuav siab heev, thiab yog li ntawd, qhov teeb meem tshaj tawm yuav qeeb heev. Nyob rau hauv lub tank settling, koj yuav saib ib tug siab sludge pam theem thiab txawm lub tsim ntawm ib tug tuab, persistent scum txheej. Hom bulking no ncaj qha impairs sludge - dej sib cais efficiency.
► BAB III. Kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev tswj hwm: Rov kho qhov system sib npaug
Thaum ntsib teeb meem SMP / EPS tsis txaus, cov tswv lag luam tsis muaj kev xaiv. Kev kuaj mob ua ntej tuaj yeem ua los ntawm kev soj ntsuam ncaj qha thiab kev sim yooj yim.
Kev saib xyuas lub tank yog qhov kev coj ua zoo. Yog hais tias tus supernatant tseem tsis tu ncua turbid, nws yuav qhia tau tias SMP siab; Yog hais tias cov sludge flocs yog fluffy, maj mam maj mam, thiab nrog ntau cov npuas dej, nws taw tes rau ntau tshaj EPS. Ib txoj kev kuaj mob classic yog Sludge Volume (SV) test. Los ntawm kev sib piv cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov dej ntws ntawm cov sij hawm sib txawv (xws li 5 feeb thiab 30 feeb), tus kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog SMP ( cuam tshuam rau thawj qhov teeb meem thiab supernatant clarity) los yog EPS ( cuam tshuam rau qhov kawg compacted ntim ntawm flocs).
Thaum qhov teeb meem raug txheeb xyuas, lub tswv yim hloov kho yog "kho cov tsos mob tshwj xeeb":
Rau cov xwm txheej ntawm SMP siab, lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau txhim kho flocculation kom hloov nws los ntawm lub xeev yaj mus rau qhov sib haum xeeb. Ntxiv cov koob tshuaj me me ntawm cov coagulant yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo; nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tus nqi ntawm SMP colloids, ua rau lawv sib sau ua ke thiab loj dua.
Rau sludge bulking tshwm sim los ntawm EPS ntau dhau, kev tswj xyuas yuav tsum tau hais txog qhov laj thawj. Xyuas seb cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj hluav taws xob puas siab dhau los yog hloov pauv ntau dhau, vim tias "kev noj mov-kev tshaib kev nqhis" tuaj yeem txhawb cov kab mob kom zais EPS ntau dhau. Kev kho cov khoom noj kom zoo, cov pa oxygen (DO) qib, lossis pH hauv lub cev tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov metabolic ib puag ncig ntawm cov kab mob thiab inhibit lawv cov khoom siv ntau dhau ntawm polymers. Qee zaum, nce sludge nkim kom txo cov hnub nyoog sludge kuj tseem tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov neeg microbial thiab txo qis EPS ntau dhau.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, SMP thiab EPS ua lub qhov rais tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub tshuab ua kom cov sludge. Kev nkag siab txog lawv qhov xwm txheej thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus tsis yog hais txog kev ua kom tiav lawv qhov kev tshem tawm, tab sis yog hais txog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm microbial ecosystem kom muaj kev sib npaug sib npaug los ntawm kev tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm zoo, yog li ua kom lub sijhawm ntev - kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem dej khib nyiab.