Nrog kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua hauv ntiaj teb kev thov rau cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab kev noj qab haus huv, kev lag luam tshuaj thiab biotechnology tau vam meej thaum tib lub sijhawm ntsib cov teeb meem ib puag ncig hnyav zuj zus. Ntawm cov no, siab -concentration, siab -toxicity Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) cov dej khib nyiab tau dhau los ua "Sword of Damocles" dai rau ntau lub lag luam. Kev kho cov dej khib nyiab zoo li no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua raws li ib puag ncig nkaus xwb tab sis tseem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov nqi khiav lag luam thiab kev tsim kho kom ruaj khov.
► I. Tightening Regulations and the limits of Conventional processes
► 1. Kev Sib Tw Tshiab Hauv Kev Ua Raws Li Ib Cheeb Tsam
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov chaw tswj xyuas tshuaj thoob ntiaj teb tau pom muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntxiv txog kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm kev tsim tshuaj. Cov kev cai thiab cov lus qhia hais txog API residues nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig yog txuas ntxiv ua kom zoo dua qub, ua kom nruj dua cov kev cai ntawm kev kho cov dej khib nyiab. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias yav dhau los txoj kev kho mob dav dav yuav tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntxiv lawm. Cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum nrhiav kev daws teeb meem zoo dua thiab ua tiav kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev tso tawm ruaj khov thiab tsis txhob muaj peev xwm tswj hwm kev pheej hmoo.
► 2. Lub raj mis ntawm txoj kev kho mob ib txwm muaj
Cov txheej txheem kev kho kab mob lom neeg feem ntau tawm tsam thaum ntsib nrog kev nyuaj, muaj kuab lom API pov tseg. Qhov siab ntawm cov organic teeb meem thiab cov khoom siv hauv cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev poob siab thiab inhibit cov kab mob, ua rau muaj kev poob qis lossis txawm tias lub cev qhuav dej ntawm cov kab mob lom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov dej khib nyiab feem ntau muaj siab - cov kuab tshuaj organic muaj nqis. Kev kho cov khoom pov tseg zoo li no tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam cov nqi pov tseg xwb tab sis kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov peev txheej pov tseg.
► II. Ceramic Membranes: Los ntawm Xaus - ntawm - Kev Kho Cov Yeeb Nkab mus rau pem hauv ntej -Txoj kev ua tau zoo
Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, kev siv thev naus laus zis tshiab-ceramic membranes rau kev kho dej khib nyiab- muab txoj hauv kev tshiab los daws cov teeb meem uas tau hais tseg. Nws tsis raug kaw rau qhov kawg ntawm passive - ntawm - kev kho yeeb nkab. Hloov chaw, los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thev naus laus zis, nws txuas nrog kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig nrog cov peev txheej rov qab los, ua tiav kev hloov pauv ntawm "tus nqi chaw" mus rau "qhov chaw muaj txiaj ntsig."
► 1. Tsim kom muaj ib txoj kab tiv thaiv kab mob muaj zog
Ceramic Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) thev naus laus zis yog lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho cov dej khib nyiab ruaj khov. Kev ruaj ntseg zoo ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ceramic ua rau lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus cov dej khib nyiab hnyav. Nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv qhov muaj peev xwm tuav tau ntawm daim nyias nyias, uas tag nrho khaws cov kab mob nyob hauv lub reactor, ua kom muaj siab heev ntawm activated sludge. Qhov siab no - qhov ntom ntom microbial ib puag ncig tsis tsuas yog txhim kho cov kev kho mob zoo rau cov pa pa phem xwb tab sis, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, tsim cov xwm txheej rau acclimatizing thiab enriching tshwj xeeb microbial zej zog muaj peev xwm degrading tshwj xeeb tshuaj lom, refractory API tshuaj. Qhov no yog sib npaug los tsim kom muaj ib qho impregnable "tiv thaiv kab" rau cov kab mob lom, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev poob siab. Txawm tias muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv kev ua tau zoo, nws ua kom ruaj khov effluent zoo. Cov dej zoo tom qab kev kho mob nrog cov thev naus laus zis no yog qhov siab heev, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho pub dej rau ceramics rau RO pretreatment, tso lub hauv paus rau kev kho mob tom ntej thiab rov siv dua.
► 2. Ua tau Siab -Value Solvent Recovery
Tshaj li ntxiv dag zog rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab, lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv ceramics rau kev kho dej khib nyiab yog nyob rau pem hauv ntej-kawg hnyav rov qab. Siv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb uas tsim los ntawm Organic Solvent Nanofiltration (OSN) ceramic membranes, nws tuaj yeem kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv niam dej cawv lossis ntxuav cov kua khib nyiab uas muaj siab - cov kuab tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov txheej txheem membrane no ua rau muaj kev sib cais meej ntawm qib molecular, khaws cov API khoom molecules thiab catalysts thaum tso cai rau cov organic hnyav molecules (xws li DMF, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, thiab lwm yam) kom permeate zoo. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, cov kuab tshuaj thaum xub thawj pom tias muaj kev phom sij pov tseg tuaj yeem ua kom huv thiab rov qab mus rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom siv rov qab siv dua, paub txog kev hloov pauv ntawm "khoom muaj nqis," thiab txo qis cov nqi raw khoom thiab cov nqi pov tseg.
► BAB III. Daim ntawv thov tus nqi thiab kev cia siab ntawm kev sib koom ua ke
► 1. Case Insight: A Win-Win for Economics and Environment
Ib lub tuam txhab ua tshuaj nquag siv tshuaj (API) cov chaw tsim khoom tau ntev plagued los ntawm cov nqi hnyav hnyav thiab cov teeb meem kev kho dej khib nyiab. Tom qab qhia peb lub tuam txhab cov kev daws teeb meem raws li cov khoom siv ceramics rau kev kho dej khib nyiab, qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv. Los ntawm kev xa cov organic hnyav nanofiltration system, lub tuam txhab ua tiav cov kuab tshuaj tseem ceeb los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab nrog kev ua haujlwm siab. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig kev lag luam ib xyoos ib zaug xwb tab sis kuj tseem txo qis cov pa phem nkag mus rau qhov kawg - ntawm - cov kav dej khib nyiab, ua rau txo qis kev ua haujlwm siab thiab cov nqi ntawm nws cov chaw kho dej tshuaj, ua kom tau txais kev yeej - yeej rau kev lag luam thiab ib puag ncig cov txiaj ntsig.
► 2. Tsav kev lag luam hloov pauv ntsuab
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem no txuas ntxiv mus deb dhau kev daws teeb meem rau ib lub Hoobkas. Nws sawv cev rau kev tsim kho tshiab tseem ceeb hauv lub tswv yim ntawm kev kho dej rau kev lag luam kws tshuaj- hloov los ntawm tsuas yog "kev kho thiab tso tawm" mus rau "kev tswj hwm thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntxiv." Los ntawm kev sib txuas cov kev kho mob lom neeg zoo nrog cov ntaub ntawv zoo rov qab, nws tsis tsuas yog ua kom cov lag luam tuaj yeem ua siab ntev teb rau cov kev cai nruj tshaj plaws ntawm ib puag ncig tab sis kuj txhim kho kev sib tw tseem ceeb los ntawm kev tsim cov qauv kev lag luam ncig. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, kev koom ua ke nrog cov kev kho mob siab heev xws lirov qab osmosis pharmaceuticalstuav cov lus cog tseg ntawm kev ua tiav cov peev txheej dej rov ua dua tshiab, uas yog cov khoom siv ceramic rau cov dej khib nyiab rov qab siv dua. Qhov no yuav yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsav tsheb kev lag luam mus rau kev nthuav dav ntsuab thiab kev loj hlob cov hom phiaj. Undoubtedly, ceramic membranes rau kev kho dej khib nyiab tshuab yog txhaj lub zog muaj zog rau hauv kev hloov pauv ntsuab ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj.