Hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam thiab lub neej niaj hnub, kev tswj xyuas cov khoom pov tseg kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev tsis meej pem dav dav:cov khoom khib nyiab twg poob rau hauv qeb siab -"Cov khib nyiab txaus ntshai"?Kev kho cov khib nyiab pov tseg tsis raug raws li cov khoom pov tseg dav dav, lossis "dhau- tswj" cov khoom pov tseg, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj ntawm ib puag ncig lossis cov nqi lag luam tsis tsim nyog. Kab lus no yuav muab ib qho hauv - tsom xam qhov tob ntawm ntau, yooj yim tsis meej pem hom khoom khib nyiab kom paub meej lawv cov kev faib tawm.
► Lub hauv paus rau kev txiav txim siab: Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kev Cai Lij Choj thiab cov yam ntxwv txaus ntshai
Ua ntej delving rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ua ntej kom nkag siab txog ob lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim.Thawj qhov yog National Catalog National Catalog of Hazardous Wastes. Cov khib nyiab ncaj qha rau hauv phau ntawv teev npe yog qhov pov tseg tsis txaus ntseeg.Qhov thib ob suav nrog kev siv cov qauv kev txheeb xyuas thiab cov txheej txheem uas tau teev tseg los ntawm lub xeev los ntsuas cov yam ntxwv txaus ntshai (xws li corrosivity, toxicity, ignitability, reactivity, lossis infectivity) ntawm cov pov tseg uas tsis suav nrog hauv phau ntawv teev npe.Yog tias nws muaj ib lossis ntau yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv no, nws yuav tsum zoo ib yam li cov khib nyiab pov tseg.
► Clear -Txiav Cases: Industrial Los ntawm- cov khoom feem ntau tsis cais raws li kev phom sij
Ntau cov txheej txheem kev lag luam tsim los ntawm - cov khoom lag luam uas sib xws hauv cov khoom sib xyaw thiab qhia cov yam ntxwv tsis txaus ntshai. Tsuav lawv tsis muaj kab mob los ntawm cov khoom phom sij, lawv feem ntau yog cais raws li cov khoom siv khib nyiab.
► Residue los ntawm Tshuaj thiab Smelting txheej txheem
Carbide slag(feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm calcium hydroxide) thiab flue gas desulfurization gypsum los ntawm cov txheej txheem desulfurization (feem ntau muaj calcium sulfate) yog cov piv txwv classic. Raws li cov lus qhia txog kev tswj hwm, lawv yog cov khoom siv khib nyiab dav dav thiab feem ntau siv rau hauv txoj kev rov qab los xws li kev tsim cov cement. Ib yam li ntawd,aluminu
m dross generated thaum lub sij hawm pyrometallurgical txheej txheem,Yog hais tias ncaj qha rov qab mus rau qhov qub smelting rauv, suav hais tias yog cov khoom siv raw khoom thiab tsis raug tswj raws li pov tseg.
► Cov seem ntawm cov txheej txheem lom neeg thiab tshuaj
Kev tswj cov tshuaj seem ntawm cov tshuaj suav tshuaj suav tshuajua raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm kev lag luam kws tshuaj thiab lawv raug cais raws li kev lag luam khoom pov tseg. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ceev faj yog lav:pov tseg niam cawv lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv residues los ntawm chemical API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) ntau lawmtau muab cais kom meej raws li HW02 Pharmaceutical Waste. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaumcov tsiaj tuagua rau muaj kev phom sij lom neeg, lawv qhov kev pov tseg yog tswj hwm los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kws kho tsiaj raws li cov cai tshwj xeeb thiab cov cai xws li Txoj Cai Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Tsiaj, ua raws cov qauv kev kho mob tshwj xeeb; lawv tsis suav nrog hauv kev tswj cov khib nyiab pov tseg.
► Conditional & Exempted: Grey Area Qhov twg cov ntsiab lus txiav txim siab faib
Kev faib tawm ntawm qee qhov pov tseg tsis hloov pauv; lawv txoj kev tswj hwm tuaj yeem hloov pauv raws li lawv qhov chaw, txoj kev kho mob tom ntej, lossis ua raws li cov qauv tshwj xeeb. Qhov no feem ntau yog tshwm sim hauv cov kev cai ntawm Daim Ntawv Teev Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Tsis Txaus Siab.
► Kev Hloov ntawm Kev Lag Luam mus rau Chaw Nyob Ib puag ncig
Pov tseg mercury-muaj cov teeb fluorescent, khib nyiab nickel-cadmium roj teeb, thiab lwm yam, thaum tsim los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom,yog cov khoom siv phom sij (HW29 lossis HW49). Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov khoom no nkag mus rau hauv tsev neeg niaj hnub thiab raug muab pov tseg, lawv tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv kev tswj hwm kev zam thiab muab cais ua ib feem ntawm cov pov tseg hauv tsev. Ib yam li ntawd,roj-cov hnab looj tes thiab paj rwb pov tseg (HW08) tsim nyob rau hauv chaw tsim khoomyog cov khib nyiab txaus ntshai, tab sis cov khoom pov tseg me me ntawm cov khoom pov tseg zoo sib xws hauv tsev neeg niaj hnub raug zam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov txhaum cai rau cov tuam txhab lag luam txhob txwm muab cov roj tsim tawm hauv kev lag luam - cov khib nyiab pov tseg rau hauv cov khib nyiab hauv tsev.
► Kev zam raws li kev kho mob rau cov qauv tshwj xeeb
Fly tshauv generated los ntawm municipalCov khib nyiab incineration, vim nws cov hlau hnyav hnyav thiab lwm yam khoom tsim kev puas tsuaj, yog cov pov tseg uas muaj kev phom sij (HW18). Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab nws tau txais kev kho kom ruaj khov thiab ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nkag mus rau cov khib nyiab pov tseg hauv nroog, nws tuaj yeem muab pov tseg rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg; Cov txheej txheem no tsis raug tswj xyuas raws li cov pov tseg pov tseg. Ib yam li ntawd,sludge generated los ntawm municipal dej phwj kho cov nroj tsuagtsis yog cov khoom pov tseg uas muaj kev phom sij, tab sis nws txoj kev tswj hwm kev hloov pauv yuav tsum tsim kom muaj ib qho kev qhia txog cov pov tseg uas muaj kev phom sij los txhawb kev saib xyuas.
► Kev Ceeb Toom Siab: Classic piv txwv ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob
Thaum kawg, qee qhov pov tseg tau raug cais tawm tsis txaus ntseeg raws li cov pov tseg pov tseg vim lawv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus meej thiab muaj kev phom sij, uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev saib xyuas siab tshaj plaws los ntawm cov tuam txhab thiab cov tib neeg.
► Kev zam tsis tau Los ntawm - cov khoom ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Tshwj Xeeb
Coal tar residue generated thaum lub sij hawm dej gas thiab purification txheej txheemtau teev meej meej raws li HW11 cov khib nyiab pov tseg hauv National Catalog of Hazardous Wastes. Nws txoj kev tswj hwm yuav tsum nruj me ntsis ua raws li tag nrho - cov txheej txheem tswj kev cai rau cov pov tseg phom sij.
► Siab- Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob uas pheej hmoo los ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Kho Mob
Thaum kawg - ntawm - tsheb lub neej lossis tsheb fais fab lawv tus kheejyog cov khib nyiab dav dav,cov pov tseg cov hmoov lead-acid roj teeb, cov roj ntxhia pov tseg, roj- muaj cov lim dej, cov khoom siv pov tseg, thiab cov hnab ntim tsis siv neeg ua haujlwm tsim tawm thaum lawv cov txheej txheem dismantlingtag nrho muaj nyob rau ntau pawg ntawm cov pov tseg uas muaj kev phom sij (xws li HW08, HW49, HW50, thiab lwm yam). Tsis tas li ntawd,kev tshuaj xyuas thiab sludge los ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj kho cov tsev kho mob, vim tias lawv yuav kis tau los ntawm cov neeg mob cov ntshav, cov kua hauv lub cev, lossis cov khoom tso tawm thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob, feem ntau raug kho raws li kev kho mob pov tseg (HW01) thiab yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg raws li cov qauv nruj tshaj plaws. Piv txwv li,tsev neeg me me lithium roj teebTam sim no tau muab cais ua cov khoom pov tseg dav dav vim qhov tsis tshua muaj kev phom sij ntawm lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, kev txiav txim siab txog kev faib cov khoom pov tseg yog qhov teeb meem dav raws li txoj cai lij choj, thev naus laus zis, thiab cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb. Kev faib tawm raug tsis yog tsuas yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim khoom raws li kev tsim khoom tab sis kuj yog qhov tsim nyog ua ntej rau cov lag luam kom ua tiav lawv lub luag haujlwm ib puag ncig thiab zam kev pheej hmoo raug cai.