Nyob rau hauv lub dual pressures ntawmnce kev nruj ib puag ncig cov caithiabtsis tu ncua nce nqi khiav hauj lwm, kev kho sludge thiab pov tseg yog hloov los ntawm qhov "kawg- ntawm- yeeb nkab" theem nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev kho dej khib nyiab mus rau qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam uas txwv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau lub lag luam thiab hauv nroog. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum qee qhov kev lag luam sludges raug cais raws li cov pov tseg pov tseg, lawv cov nqi pov tseg siab dhau los ua lub nra hnyav rau cov nqi khiav haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb nrhiav cov sludge txo cov thev naus laus zis los ntawm qhov chaw tsis yog "kev xaiv" tab sis yog txoj hauv kev uas tsis tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua cov nqi khiav lag luam ntawm cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab.
► Kev Sib Tw Tus Nqi Loj: Qhov Tsis Txaus Siab ntawm Kev Pov Tseg Sludge
Rau cov thawj coj ntawm cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab, qhov nce ntxiv ntawm cov nqi pov tseg yog qhov tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg "kev txwv tsis pub". Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm qhov kev siv nyiaj no nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nqi khiav hauj lwm yog nce xyoo los ntawm lub xyoo, nyob rau hauv qee kis txawm tias ntau tshaj qhov siv hluav taws xob thiab cov nqi tshuaj, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lub tuam txhab cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov. Ib txwm sludge thickening thiab dewatering txoj kev tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov kev thov tam sim no kom txo cov nqi pov tseg sludge. Yuav ua li cas kom ua tiav cov sludge tseem ceeb txo kev tshawb fawb thiab kev lag luam thaum ua kom muaj kev ua raws cai yog ib qho teeb meem uas cuam tshuam rau tag nrho kev lag luam.
► Ib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm Mainstream Reduction Technology Paths
Hauv kev teb rau qhov kev sib tw no, ntau yam tshiab sludge txo technologies tau tshwm sim hauv kev lag luam. Lawv siv ntau lub cev, tshuaj, los yog lom neeg txhais tau tias "slim down" cov sludge ua ntej nws nkag mus rau theem kawg pov tseg. Ntawm lawv, peb txoj kev siv thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb.
► I. Tus Pioneer of Physical Methods: Thermal Hydrolysis Technology
Thermal hydrolysis sludge kho technologyyog ib txoj kev txo lub cev uas tam sim no paub tab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj. Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog siv cov thermal nyhuv ntawm cov dej nyob rau hauv ib tug siab - kub, siab - ib puag ncig siab los rhuav tshem lub cell phab ntsa qauv ntawm cov sludge, tso intracellular bound dej thiab organic teeb meem. Cov txheej txheem no tsis tsuas yog txhim kho cov dej dewaterability ntawm cov sludge, ua kom cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov sludge ncuav mog qab zib tom qab kev siv tshuab dewatering thiab ua tiav qhov kev txo qis; Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, nws rhuav tshem loj-molecule organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov sludge, uas yog ib qho nyuaj rau degrade, mus rau hauv me me molecules uas yooj yim biodegradable. Qhov no loj heev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab cov pa tawm los ntawm kev zom zaub mov tom qab anaerobic, paub txog lub zog rov qab.
► II. Cov cuab yeej muaj zog hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj: Ozone Oxidation Method
Txoj kev ozone oxidationSiv ozone ua tus neeg sawv cev muaj zog oxidizing ncaj qha mus tua thiab decompose microbial hlwb hauv cov sludge, ua tiav sludge solubilization thiab degradation. Ozone tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov cell membranes thiab phab ntsa ntawm tes, ua rau cov khoom siv hauv nruab nrog cev raug tso tawm. Thaum qhov no ntawm cov organic teeb meem rov qab mus rau biochemical system, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov pa roj carbon monoxide los ntawm lwm cov kab mob, yog li txo qhov kawg ntawm cov sludge. Cov thev naus laus zis no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sai thiab kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, ua rau nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem dej khib nyiab uas twb muaj lawm kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm sludge txo.
► BAB III. Lub Ingenuity ntawm Biological Methods: Endogenous Respiration thiab Uncoupling Metabolism
Tsis zoo li "kev quab yuam cell lysis" ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj txoj kev,Kev siv tshuaj lom neeg txo qisua raws li txoj kev "ntse" dua. Nws hloov cov txheej txheem metabolic ntawm cov kab mob los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb lossis tsim cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb (xws li cov metabolism hauv tsis sib xws). Piv txwv li, uncoupling thev naus laus zis ua rau cov kab mob siv lub zog ntau dua los tswj lawv tus kheej cov haujlwm hauv lub neej es tsis yog rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob thaum lub sij hawm decomposition ntawm cov pa phem, yog li hauv paus tseem ceeb txo cov tiam ntawm cov sludge ntau dhau. Txoj kev no feem ntau yog ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem kho biochemical uas twb muaj lawm thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo.
► Yuav Xaiv Li Cas? Ntau-Qhov kev txiav txim siab rau kev xaiv tshuab
Tau ntsib peb txoj kev siv thev naus laus zis no, kev xaiv tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim thiab yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuam xyuas zoo raws li cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov project:
Txo Efficiency thiab Stability:Feem ntau, thermal hydrolysis thev naus laus zis muaj qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab ruaj khov txo cov nyhuv vim nws cov txheej txheem ncaj qha ntawm kev ua. Txoj kev ozone oxidation kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, thaum txoj kev lom neeg tuaj yeem muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv vim muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm ib puag ncig xws li dej zoo thiab kub.
Kev nqis peev thiab cov nqi khiav lag luam:Thawj qhov kev siv peev nyiaj (CAPEX) rau cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis yog qhov siab, tab sis nws qhov kev siv sijhawm ntev -lub sijhawm ua haujlwm (OPEX) yog qhov sib tw vim kev txhim kho lub zog rov ua haujlwm. Txoj kev ozone oxidation yuav tsum muaj ozone tiam thiab dosing system, nrog rau cov khoom siv thiab cov nqi siv hluav taws xob. Cov txheej txheem lom neeg muaj peev xwm qis dua thawj zaug, tab sis qhov kev nkag mus tas li ntawm cov kab mob microbial lossis cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab.
Technological Maturity thiab Footprint:Raws li cov txheej txheem classic, thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis muaj qib siab ntawm cov thev naus laus zis kom loj hlob thiab kev sib koom ua ke. Lwm ob lub thev naus laus zis kuj tau siv dav dav, thiab thaum xaiv, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lawv cov txheej txheem kev ruaj ntseg thiab ntev -cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txog kev ua haujlwm.
Synergistic cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem tom ntej:Qhov kev txhim kho tseem ceeb uas thermal hydrolysis muab rau kev zom zaub mov anaerobic yog nws qhov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb. Ozone oxidation thiab cov txheej txheem lom neeg feem ntau ua tiav kev txo qis los ntawm kev ncig sab hauv thiab kev zom zaub mov, thiab lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem tom ntej yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam kom zoo.
Yog li ntawd, qhov kev xaiv zaum kawg yuav tsum yog qhov zoo tshaj qhov sib npaug ntawm kev ntseeg tau ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam.