Ib txoj haujlwm rov qab siv dej rov qab los hauv lub nroog ntug dej hiav txwv - tus thawj tswj hwm qhov project ib zaug piv cov txheej txheem rau cov txheej txheem ntawm ntau theem sieves: los ntawm ultrafiltration membranes rau thim rov qab osmosis membranes, qhov pore loj yuav maj mam txo, nrog rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsuas yog 0.1 nm, kaum tawm txhiab zaus thinner dua tib neeg cov plaub hau.
Qhov kev sib piv yog qhov tseeb, tab sis nws qhia tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm zaj dab neeg. Dab tsi tiag tiag ua rau areclaimed kev kho dejtxheej txheem rau kev lag luam siv ua hauj lwm tsis yog ib tug stepwise txo nyob rau hauv pore loj, tab sis qhov tseeb hais tias txhua theem tsim cov kev ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob rau lub tom ntej no. Yog tias ib theem twg ploj lawm, cov nyiaj siv rau theem tom ntej yuav raug pov tseg - tsis yog tam sim ntawd, tab sis maj mam dhau peb lub hlis, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm daim nyias nyias fouling, soaring tshuaj noj, thiab substandard permeate zoo.
Theem 1: Pretreatment - qhov tsawg tshaj plaws glamorous, tseem yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj ntawm kev nqis peev
Bar cov ntxaij vab tshaus, vaj huam sib luag tso tsheb hlau luam, yaj huab cua flotation (DAF), coagulation-sedimentation - cov chav no yuav suab technologically mundane, tab sis lawv muab lub siab tshaj plaws rov qab los ntawm peev nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov saw.
Bar cov ntxaij vab tshaustshem tawm cov fibers, cov khoom tawg yooj yim, thiab cov khoom loj dua, nrog rau ib lub hom phiaj ib leeg: txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub cev puas tsuaj rau cov twj tso kua mis thiab daim nyias nyias.
Dab tsi yog underestimated tiag tiaglub equalization tank. Cov dej khib nyiab muaj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv zoo dua li cov dej phwj hauv nroog: thaum lub dyeing ntau lawm kab hloov batches, COD tuaj yeem dhia ntawm 800 txog 3000 mg / L hauv ib teev; Thaum lub sij hawm ntxuav hauv pem teb hauv cov nroj tsuag zaub mov, instantaneous flow yuav triple qhov nruab nrab. Yog tias tsis muaj lub tank sib npaug ntawm lub sijhawm nyob txaus kom sib npaug ntawm cov dej zoo thiab ntws, cov kab dej hauv qab dej yuav rov qab xav tsis thoob, thiab txhua qhov kev rov qab los ntawm cov zej zog microbial yuav siv sijhawm peb mus rau tsib hnub.
DAF thiab coagulation-sedimentationhais txog cov teeb meem sib txawv: roj, colloids, thiab cov khib nyiab tshem tawm. Cov dej khib nyiab oily, yog tias tsis txo qis qis dua 20 mg / L ntawm theem no, yuav tsim cov txheej txheem fouling tsis tuaj yeem rau ntawm daim nyias nyias. Hauv ib qhov chaw ua haujlwm ua haujlwm uas ua tiav cov dej rov qab siv thiab xoom kua paug, thawj ntu ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau kho tseem ceeb yog "bar screen → equalization tank → DAF → coagulation-sedimentation" - plaub kauj ruam tag nrho rau kev kho mob, uas tso cai rau cov tom ntej A / O-MBR los tsim cov effluent ruaj khov.
Nov yog qhov kev txiav txim siab tsis txaus ntseeg: cov nyiaj ntxiv siv rau kev kho mob feem ntau tau txais kev cawmdim rov qab peb mus rau tsib zaug hauv cov nqi txo cov nqi hloov pauv thiab cov nqi poob qis. Cov tshooj lus kim tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam yuav luag tag nrho cov qia los ntawm "txiav cov ces kaum ntawm pretreatment" - tab sis qhov no yog qhov tseeb ntawm ntu uas tus nqi txiav yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws hauv cov txheej txheem kho dej rov qab.
Theem 2: Kev kho mob lom - cia cov kab mob ua kom cov kab mob ua kom yaj
Pretreatment deals nrog "pom av"; Cov theem lom neeg ua haujlwm yaj cov organic thiab nitrogen hauv dej.
Pa A / O, SBR, thiab tiv tauj cov txheej txheem oxidationQhov tseem ceeb tsim ib qho chaw tsim nyog rau cov kab mob kom haus COD thiab ammonia nitrogen. Cov dej ntws los ntawm theem no feem ntau ua tiav COD ntawm 50-100 mg / L, ua raws li kev qhia meej hauvib tug thib ob clarifier.
Membrane bioreactor (MBR)siv txoj hauv kev sib txawv: nws siv cov txheej txheem membrane nrog cov pores nyob ib ncig ntawm 0.1 μm los hloov cov lus qhia thib ob. Qhov zoo yog qhov tseeb - cov dej turbidity tuaj yeem ruaj khov qis dua 1 NTU, cov khib nyiab pov tseg yog ze li xoom, cov dej cawv sib xyaw tshem tawm cov khib nyiab tuaj yeem yog ob mus rau peb npaug ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm, thiab hneev taw tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm 60%. Hauv cov phiaj xwm retrofit nrog qhov chaw nruj, MBR feem ntau yog qhov kev xaiv siv tau xwb.
Nws yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tseeb tias MBR daws cov kua-kua sib cais nyob rau hauv theem lom; nws tsis tshem cov ntsev. Clear effluent tsis txhais hais tias nws tuaj yeem rov qab siv ncaj qha rau hauv cov txheej txheem uas muaj cov kev cai nruj rau chloride ions. Peb tau ntsib cov neeg siv khoom uas, pom MBR effluent "raws li cov dej hauv lub raj mis," xav tias kev kho cov dej hauv qab yog qhov tsis tsim nyog - tsuas yog pom tias qhov concentration ntawm cov dej txias tsis tuaj yeem nce ntxiv, ua rau muaj teeb meem loj thiab corrosion.
Theem 3: Ultrafiltration - lub cev tiv thaiv rov qab osmosis
Muaj ultrafiltration systemsua lub luag haujlwm hauv cov saw no uas tuaj yeem suav tau hauv ib kab lus: lawv ua kom cov dej ntws qis RO nyob ntev dua. RO daim nyias nyias muaj cov kev cai pub dej nruj heev, feem ntau ntsuas los ntawm ob qhov ntsuas:turbidity thiab Silt Density Index (SDI). Engineering xyaum feem ntau yuav tsum tau pub SDI hauv qab 3 (cov qauv nruj dua hu rau qis dua 2.5) thiab turbidity hauv qab 0.2 NTU. Ultrafiltration membranes, nrog pore loj ntawm 0.01 thiab 0.1 μm, zoo thaiv cov colloids, kab mob, macromolecular organics, thiab nplua cov khib nyiab ntawm lub rooj vag no.
Tshaj li kev tiv thaiv RO, ultrafiltration nws tus kheej feem ntau yog siv los ua qhov chaw kho mob davhlau ya nyob twg.Hauv ntau txoj haujlwm kho dej rov qab, cov ntsiab lus rov siv dua tsuas yog ua kom txias ntauwd, rhiav dej ntws, lossis kho kom zoo nkauj, tsis muaj kev txwv nruj rau cov ntsev yaj - nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, "MBR + ultrafiltration" twb txaus, thiab RO tsis tsim nyog.Ultrafiltration systems feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm 0.1-0.3 MPa, nrog kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua li RO siab, thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav tus nqi rov qab ntau dua 95%.
Membrane xaiv cov khoom siv kuj tsim nyog mloog.PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride)muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov thiab lub zog txhua yam, ua rau nws xaiv qhov tseem ceeb rau cov dej khib nyiab;PES (polyethersulfone)muaj ntau dua flux thiab zoo dua los tiv thaiv fouling, haum rau cov dej huv;Ceramic membranesyog cov cua sov-resistant thiab ua siab ntev rau cov kua qaub thiab alkalis, tab sis lawv cov nqi feem ntau yog ob peb zaug ntawm cov khoom siv polymeric, thiab lawv tsuas yog siv tau raws li cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
Theem 4: Rov qab osmosis - thiab cov concentrate nws tsis tuaj yeem txav tawm
RO dhau los ua ib qho yuav tsum muaj tsuas yog thaum cov dej rov qab siv tau meej meej rau TDS, chloride ions, lossis conductivity.Ib theem RO tuaj yeem txo TDS los ntawm 800–1500 mg / L rau 50–150 mg / L, nrog rau qhov tsis kam ntsev feem ntau siab dua 99%; Muab ob npaug rau RO lossis RO nrog EDI tuaj yeem ua tiav cov conductivity qis dua 1 μS / cm, ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm boiler feedwater thiab high-purity dej.
Tab sis RO muaj tus nqi uas tsis tuaj yeem zam: mloog zoo. Ntawm 75% rov qab, cov concentration ntim yog ib feem peb ntawm cov pub, nrog ntsev concentration plaub npaug ntawm pub; ntawm 90% rov qab, cov concentrate tsuas yog ib feem kaum, nrog ntsev concentration kaum npaug ntawm qhov pub. Cov kwj deg no yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw pom tseeb. Tsis xav txog txoj hauv kev pov tseg kom pom tseeb ntawm theem tsim yog feem ntau - thiab feem ntau tuag - kev saib xyuas hauv cov haujlwm rov qab siv dua; ntau lub tshuab raug yuam kom khiav ntawm lub peev xwm txo qis tom qab commissioning precisely vim qhov no.
Qib kawg: Kev tua kab mob - thiab cov ntsiab lus feem ntau tsis nco qab
Hauv cov tshuab siv rov ua dua tshiab, cov tshuaj tua kab mob chlorine tsis tuaj yeem siv tsis tu ncua. Chlorination tsim tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm cov khoom xws li trihalomethanes thiab haloacetic acids nyob rau hauv cov dej circulating, thiab cov tshuaj no yuav tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv lub kaw voj. Rov qab siv cov tshuab raws li EU Txoj Cai 2020/741 lub moj khaum feem ntau hloov mus rauchlorine dioxide los yog ozone, ua ke nrog ultraviolet (UV) tshuaj tua kab mob. UV muaj qhov txiaj ntsig ntxiv: nws muaj txiaj ntsig sib npaug tiv thaiv cov kab mob chlorine-resistant xws li Cryptosporidium, thiab tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam.
Cov ntsiab lus feem ntau tsis nco qab yog -lub cev. Reclaimed dej muaj pH sib txawv, alkalinity, thiab ionic muaj pes tsawg leeg piv rau cov dej tshiab; Yog hais tias cov pa roj carbon steel piping uas twb muaj lawm yog siv rau lub reclamation network, tus nqi corrosion yuav nce ho. Kev ntsuas cov khoom siv hauv cov yeeb nkab ua ntej ua haujlwm yog qhov pheej yig dua li kev hloov cov kav dej tom qab.
Cov txheej txheem tsis yog hais txog cov khoom siv stacking
Muab tag nrho cov saum toj no ua ke, ua tiav cov dej rov siv dua kev kho mob feem ntau zoo li no:
bar screen → equalization tank → DAF / coagulation-sedimentation → lom (A/O los yog MBR) → ultrafiltration → (RO) → tshuaj tua kab mob → reuse point.
Tab sis dab tsi tiag tiag txiav txim siab qhov ua tiav lossis tsis ua tiav ntawm qhov project tsis yog qhov ntu no nws tus kheej, tab sis seb qhov ntsuas ntawm txhua theem sib phim cov dej tshwj xeeb uas koj tab tom cuam tshuam nrog. Rau tib lub peev xwm ntawm 5,000 m³ / hnub, COD muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm 500 piv rau 5,000 yuav ua rau ob qho kev daws teeb meem sib txawv; Txawm hais tias qhov taw tes rov siv dua yog qhov txias ntauwd lossis lub boiler yuav triple qhov peev.
Tias yog vim li cas, thaum nug "koj tus txheej txheem txheej txheem yog dab tsi?", Taihe Environmental Protection feem ntau teb: muab cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv rau peb ib lub lim tiam, thiab tom qab ntawd peb yuav tham txog cov txheej txheem. Kev siv cov thev naus laus zis rov siv dua dej tsis yog cov ntawv qhia zaub mov ruaj khov, tab sis lub cuab yeej ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke - tso txhua theem uas nws nyob yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li kev sib koom ua ke ntau tshaj plaws.