Thaum lub rooj sib tham, kev tshuaj xyuas qhov chaw, lossis kev sib tham hauv kev lag luam kho dej, koj puas tau hnov ib txoj hlua ntawm cov lus Askiv los yog cov lus tshaj lij thiab xav tias poob? Thaum ntsib nrog "jargon" siv los ntawm engineers, cov neeg muag khoom, lossis hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm, kev nkag siab zoo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev txiav txim siab- ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev sib txuas lus zoo. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no muab cov npe ceev ceev ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsom rau cov xwm txheej sib txuas lus, pab koj ceev ceev cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas nquag tshwm sim thiab tseem ceeb rau kev khiav hauj lwm thiab kev ntsuam xyuas, ua rau kev sib tham yooj yim dua.
► I. Core Water Quality Indicators: To taub dej "Health Report Card"
Txhawm rau ntsuas cov dej zoo lossis kev kho kom zoo, ntau qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb. Lawv zoo li daim ntawv qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv rau dej, nrog cov ntaub ntawv ncaj qha cuam tshuam nws theem ntawm "kev noj qab haus huv."
► Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
Qhov no yog hais txog cov pa oxygen yaj hauv dej.Hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ciaj sia thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob. Yog tias qib qis dhau, kev ua haujlwm microbial tsis txaus, ua rau txo qis hauv kev kho mob; Yog tias nws siab dhau lawm, nws txhais tau hais tias lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv aeration. Ntsuas DO concentration thiab kev siv lub zog yog ib qho kev sib tw ua haujlwm.
► Tsib -Hnub Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD₅)
Qhov no ntsuas cov pa oxygen xav tau los ntawm cov kab mob txhawm rau txhawm rau cov organic teeb meem hauv dej.Tus nqi BOD₅ siab dua qhia tau tias muaj cov pa phem ntau dua hauv cov dej, uas tuaj yeem yooj yim ua rau lub cev dej tig dub thiab tsim cov ntxhiab tsw phem. Qhov ntsuas no feem ntau yog siv los ntsuas qhov biodegradability ntawm cov dej khib nyiab thiab yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem kho kab mob lom.
► Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Zoo ib yam li BOD₅,Qhov no ntsuas cov pa oxygen noj los ntawm cov khoom organic,tab sis nws tau txiav txim siab siv cov tshuaj muaj zog oxidant. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi COD feem ntau yog siab dua thiab npog ntau yam khoom siv. COD qib siab feem ntau qhia tias muaj kuab paug dej hnyav thiab kev kho mob nyuaj dua. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuam xyuas cov qib ntawm cov dej qias neeg thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm ntau txoj kev kho dej khib nyiab.
► II. Cov Khoom Siv Txheej Txheem Feem Ntau: Tau Paub Txog "Main Units" ntawm qhov chaw
Lub chaw kho dej yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam txheej txheem. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb, feem ntau koj tuaj yeem nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem ntws.
► Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) Unit
Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog tshem tawm cov teeb pom kev zoo (xws li roj thiab cov khoom zoo) uas nyuaj los daws los ntawm kev tso tawm ntau ntawm micro- npuas.Cov khib nyiab no ua rau cov npuas thiab ntab rau saum npoo kom tshem tawm. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau pretreatment ntawm oily wastewater thiab khoom noj khoom haus khib nyiab, hais txog cov kev sib tw ntawm "impurities uas tsis ntab los yog nyob rau hauv yooj yim."
► Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)
Nws ua ke cov kev kho mob lom neeg nrog cov tshuab lim membrane, siv cov txheej txheem membrane los hloov cov lus qhia thib ob.Nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo - zoo, ntshiab effluent, zoo tswj sludge bulking, txo cov sludge ntau lawm, thiab yuav tsum tau ib tug kuj me me hneev taw. Nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv tej yaam num uas yuav tsum tau siab rau effluent zoo thiab thaj av.
► BAB III. Phau Ntawv Qhia Ceev rau Kev Lag Luam Cov Lus Cim: Kev txiav txim siab "High-Frequency Codes" ntawm Engineers
Acronyms feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam kev sib txuas lus.Kev paub ob peb yam hauv qab no yuav pab koj ceev nrooj nrog kev sib tham.
SS: Suspended Solids.Hais txog cov khoom siv hauv cov dej uas tuaj yeem khaws cia los ntawm lub lim membrane. Nws yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas dej turbidity thiab cov pa phem.
TDS: Total Dissolved Solids.Hais txog tag nrho cov nyiaj ntawm tag nrho cov inorganic ntsev thiab cov organic teeb meem yaj hauv dej. Nws yog feem ntau siv los ntsuas qhov purity ntawm cov dej, xws li rau cov dej haus los yog boiler pub dej.
SV30: Sludge Volume Index (30 min).Hais txog qhov feem pua ntawm cov ntim ntim los ntawm cov sludge nyob tom qab cov cawv sib xyaw los ntawm lub tank aeration tau tso tseg rau 30 feeb. Nws yog ib qho kev qhia txog kev ntsuas sai sai ntawm kev daws teeb meem thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm sludge, muab cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm txhua hnub.
MLSS: Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids.Hais txog qhov concentration ntawm activated sludge nyob rau hauv lub aeration tank. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm kev kho mob lom.
► IV. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb xaiv: Kev siv tau ntawm kev kho mob anaerobic thiab aerobic
Raws li cov hom phiaj kev kho mob thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej khib nyiab, cov txheej txheem kev kho mob lom neeg tseem ceeb tau muab faib ua ob pawg loj: anaerobic thiab aerobic.
Kev kho anaerobic: Hauv cov pa oxygen-dawb tej yam kev mob, cov organic teeb meem yog decomposed los ntawm anaerobic microorganisms.Nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg thiab muaj peev xwm tsim cov biogas rau lub zog rov qab. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog rau kev kho mob siab - cov dej khib nyiab organic, xws li los ntawm qee yam khoom noj thiab kev lag luam brewing.
Kev Kho Aerobic: Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej oxygenated, cov pa phem yog degraded los ntawm aerobic microorganisms.Qhov no tam sim no yog txoj kev siv tshuaj lom neeg ntau tshaj plaws. Nws tshem tawm BOD zoo, muaj kev kho mob siab, thiab feem ntau yog siv rau cov dej phwj hauv nroog thiab qis tshaj - mus rau - nruab nrab cov dej khib nyiab.
Kev nkag siab txog kev kho dej yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua raws li dej los ntawm kev ua kom huv huv ntawm"Kev sib cais lub cev, kev hloov pauv lom neeg, thiab tshuaj tua kab mob."Hauv cov txheej txheem no, DO yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua pa uas txhawb nqa lub neej microbial, BOD / COD yog cov npe ntawm cov pa phem uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, thiab ntau yam txheej txheem cov cuab yeej siv yog cov pab pawg tshwj xeeb purification ua haujlwm hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj. Kev paub txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb no zoo li tau txais tus yuam sij los qhib kev sib tham thiab nkag siab txog lub tswv yim ntawm cov thev naus laus zis.